Dual Language Education And Education - 1247 Words

Even though Brown v. Board of Education ruled segregation in schools unconstitutional, it exists in a different form today. While the most students in schools are in normal classes, English Language Learners are often separated from the rest of the student body. These students, mostly hispanic immigrants, are put in special classes separate from the main student body where they are given special English instruction. They rarely interact with the main student body, and it often seems that they go to a different school. Dual Language Education solves this problem. In Dual Language Education, all students are taught together. This benefits both the English Learners and the English speakers both academically and socially and better†¦show more content†¦The goal of Dual Language Education is that students not only become bilingual and have high reading and writing levels in both languages but also that they discover and appreciate other cultures. In almost all DLE programs, the partner language is the language of instruction for fifty to ninety percent of the time, depending on the program. As stated in the article, â€Å"The Balancing Act Of Bilingual Immersion† by Samina Hadi-Tabassum, there are three types of ways to divide instruction. The first most common way is division by time. In this method, students spend part of their time learning in one language and then switch over to the the other language. This is done by spending half the day in each language, alternating days, or alternating weeks. The second method used is division by content. In this method, the languages are divided based on subject, with each subject being taught in a specific language. For example, in the French American School in Providence RI, middle schoolers learn math English, science, and their elective in English and French, social studies, Spanish, art, music, physical education, and health in French (Murphy). Finally, the third m ethod is division by staff, in which one teacher teaches English and the other teaches the partner language. This method can be and often is combined with one of the first two methods. The International Charter School in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, uses the first and third methods. Students rotate between

What Are The Best Policies The United States Should Implement

What are the best policies the United States should implement to solve the illegal immigration problem? Immigration is an important implication throughout the United States as a whole. This topic drafts many opinions, both positive and negative. The media uses propaganda to put blame on the immigrants for taking American jobs, or not being allowed to live in our country legally. Others give a more welcoming view to them, that they’re welcome to come to our country and they have a chance to restart their life. â€Å"An estimated 12 million-plus undocumented (illegal) immigrants currently reside in this country.† Those who desire hardline approach, want higher security and vetting off possible immigrants. The lot of immigrants that are legally†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"There are approximately 3.7 million unlawful immigrant households in the U.S. These households impose a net fiscal burden of around $54.5 billion per year.† The final disagreement exclaimed by many Americans, is the free education that illegal immigrants are getting for coming to the United States. Most schools will give millions of dollars of loans to illegal immigrants. The Supreme Court case Plyler vs Doe was held in June of 1982. This Court case was about public education for immigrant students. The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that the Board could not deny the immigrants an education. Plylers â€Å"Equal access to education for children regardless of status.† Immigrants will take our jobs and lower our wages, and create less jobs for the working Americans. Immigrants are usually brought closer to regions that have a big supply and demand such as farms and factories in big agriculture countries. The south has a lot of farms for immigrants to get jobs on and supply for their families. These are jobs Americans in our society don’t like to do. On top of this, undocumented immigrants will accept a job for lower wages than the Americans and can be paid â€Å"under the table†. They will do the dirty jobs for less than minimum wage to support their families. Another argument is how immigrants overuse welfare in this country. All unauthorized immigrants don’t have legal access to the welfare reforms. But immigrants make a large contribution to Medicare and Social Security whenShow MoreRelatedEssay On Paper Reduction Policy842 Words   |  4 PagesPaper Reduction Policy As a current member of this organization over the past 18 years, coupled with a bachelor degree from Excelsior college, I have encountered an issue with current organizational policies that require the use of paper to be completed. Due to being an employee within the administrative division of this organization which utilize paper more than other departments within the company, I have noticed and frequently discussed with colleagues about these issues. It is desired thatRead MoreJFK: Americas Best President867 Words   |  4 PagesIn my opinion, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was America’s best President to serve from 1865 to the present. John F. Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29, 1917 to a wealthy Catholic Irish family. Kennedy was the second oldest in a family with nine children. He attended Catholic prep schools in his childhood and graduated from Harvard University in 1940. After graduation, he joined the United States Navy and fought during World War Two. He received the Purple Heart for the injuries heRead MoreFederalism Vs. Cooperative Federalism1469 Words   |  6 PagesRight now the current form of Federalism that the United States uses today is called New Federalism, or Cooperative Federalism. 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Through our own policies, the policies of international organizations, and assorted agreements with numerous countries, our role in foreign aid has continued to change over the decades to meet the growing needs of the developing and developed worlds. While we try to aid the developing world to the extent of our capabilities, there are several elements to consider – some of which in the past have often been neglected. When providing aid to countries in needRead MoreSchool Uniform Policies Within School Systems Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last decade, the debate over the implementation of school uniform policies in school systems has been seen widely across the United States The decision of uniforms being implanted in school systems is based off the state or the individu al schools policy. The school either can make uniforms mandatory or voluntary. Schools have policies that convey the expectation of acceptable appearance, such as going to school in a properly dressed manner. 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Boo.Com, the Failure Free Essays

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS; Boo. com, Online Fashion Retailer, Goes Out of Business By ANDREW ROSS SORKIN Published: May 19, 2000 It was supposed to follow the dot-com fairy tale script. Two young entrepreneurs devise an idea for the next big e-commerce Web site, raise enormous sums of cash, spend lavishly on advertising, lose money on every sale, take the company public and make every employee a billionaire. We will write a custom essay sample on Boo.Com, the Failure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, Boo. com, a European fashion e-tailer backed by the French luxury goods magnate Bernard Arnault, the Benetton family, Goldman, Sachs Company and J. P. Morgan, among others, is insolvent and has been forced to call the liquidators, six months after its Internet debut. The concept for Boo. com seemed plausible enough. Ernst Malmsten and Kajsa Leander, two 29-year-old Swedes, founded Boo. com here in 1998, planning to create an online fashion retailer that would provide global service in seven languages and multiple currencies. And, of course, the site would use the most advanced technology. Boo. com bragged of its ability to let users view products in three dimensions from 360 degrees, giving them a true sense of how a garment looked. Investors were so taken with the idea and its two founders — Ms. Leander had been an Elite model and both had started an online bookstore called Bokus. com — that Boo. com was able raise $125 million almost immediately from an elite roster of the extremely wealthy. Before even starting Boo. com, the founders promoted the site in trade journals and glossy fashion magazines. But it was also clear that the founders were excessively ambitious. The company established its headquarters on swanky Carnaby Street in London, with satellite offices in New York, Paris, Stockholm, Amsterdam and Munich. The staff expanded from 40 initially to more than 400. Employees routinely flew first class and stayed in five-star hotels, according to a former staff member. Many were given laptops and Palm Pilots for home use, according to this person, and the company used Federal Express to send regular mail. †They had very little spending restraint, to put it mildly,† said Noah Yasskin, an analyst at the London office of Jupiter Communications, an Internet research firm. The site itself was also plagued by technical problems and delays, and took twice as long as anticipated to evelop. Once up and running, it became clear that users without fast connections to the Internet could not use the site, a point Boo. com boasted about. That e-snobbery alienated customers with more modest modem speeds, which happened to be most of Europe and the United States, Boo. com’s two most important markets. †Ninety-nine percent of European and 98 percent of U. S. homes lack the bandwidth needed to easily access such animation,† Therese Torris, an analyst at Forrester Research in Amsterdam, wrote in a report. And anyone with a Macintosh computer could not use the site. While Boo. com later adjusted itself to allow users with slower connections and Macs to gain access, the changes came too late. Sales for the first three months of the site’s operation were $680,000, while the company was blowing through more than $1 million a month. The end came as Boo. com’s founders, with only $500,000 left, struggled in vain to find backers to plow more money into the site. ‘We are deeply disappointed that it has been necessary to ask KPMG to become liquidators of the company,† the co-founders and investors said in a joint statement. †The senior management of Boo. com has made strenuous efforts over the last few weeks to raise the additional funds which would have allowed the company to go forward with a clear plan. † Over the last several weeks, Mr. Malmsten and Ms. Leander, who together own about 40 percent of the company, had been pleading with investors to ante up more. According to a spokesman for Mr. Arnault: †He didn’t want to take the risk. He would have been willing to stay involved if he could have had more control. † In fact, in an interview in Paris several weeks ago about his Internet holdings, Mr. Arnault refused to discuss Boo. com. Whether Boo. com’s failure presages further problems for clothing e-tailers is unclear. But some Internet analysts said Boo. com’s rise and fall reflect a problem that goes beyond just selling clothes. . †The market has woken up to the fact that the amount of business e-tailers like Boo. om generate is a lot lower than we anticipated,† said Tony Shiret, an analyst at Credit Suisse First Boston in London. †A key turning point was what happened in the U. S. over Christmas,† he added, referring to many online retailers that reported missed sales projections. †It’s been disappointing. † On Wednesday, PricewaterhouseCoopers released a report predicting that 25 percent of a ll Internet companies in Britain could exhaust their cash within six months. Still, the problems at Boo. com problems were somewhat self-inflicted, Mr. Yasskin said. †They tried to do too much,† he said. †Opening up in multiple countries simultaneously is impossible. † One major stumbling block for Boo. com may simply have been the type of merchandise it was trying to sell. †If you look at successful sites, they are driven by price,† Mr. Shiret said. †It is very hard to sell clothing at a cost base that makes sense without the scale. † Indeed, Boo. com never competed on price like most other retailers; it hoped to woo customers with its interactive services and convenience. Nonetheless, Boo. com might be worth something, even if it is only a fraction of the $400 million value its founders once ascribed to the company. KPMG, which is managing the liquidation process, said today that it had received more than 30 inquiries. In an interview with The Sunday Telegraph earlier this month, Mr. Malmsten admitted he might have made missteps. †We have made some mistakes and we were late with our launch, yes,† he said. †But people are welcome to come ’round here into our offices and see what is going on now. † How to cite Boo.Com, the Failure, Essay examples

Data Security Technology Internet Of Things-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Data Security Technology Internet Of Things? Answer: Introduction With the number of internet users is increasing rapidly today, the Internet has become an essential tool for communication across the globe. Various technological advancements are designed and developed so as to enhance the quality of communication. Internet of Things (IoT) is one such technical advancement where various devices are able to communicate with each other via the internet medium with the purpose of controlling and management. Anywhere, anytime communication applications for different domains is now possible via the Internet of Things. The IoT is a new technology and the traditional communication stack and standards cannot be applied directly to IoT applications. Thus, many IoT based applications pose serious security threats. It is thus needed to have a flexible security framework for IoT applications. This paper reviews the current state of IoT, examines security threats of IoT, and proposes a solution as a countermeasure to this security threat. Literature review Internet of Things emerged as a solution to create a smart city wherein the public resources are used in an optimized manner; quality services are provided to the users; and to have a decreased operational cost of these services. Thus, the main goal of Internet of Things is to create a technological based environment for humans so that they can communicate at anytime from anywhere and are supported with devices which can provide services as per the human nends. Internet of Things is thus a sort of global network which connects various devices and smart objects using the internet technology for communication, control, and management purposes. There are various definitions of Internet of Things. According to the Center for Data and Innovation, the Internet of Things is a platform for objects and smart devices to communicate via the internet with the world around them [3]. It is also defined as the things which have identities and virtual personality, and are capable of communication within the social, environmental, and user context via the internet and intelligent interfaces [4]. Internet of Things has emerged as one of the promising technologies of future due to its wide domain-based applications. According to the research, it is predicted that Internet of Things shall take nearly 5 to 10 years for market adoption and due to its wide domain applications, it shall be the most popular technology to be used by 2020 [7]. It provides applications for personal and home purposes like a washing machine, air conditioner controller, energy management solutions etc,. [8]. It provides enterprise solutions for health care services, emergency management services, water management services, and Mobile services like smart management for transportation and logistics systems. Internet of Things is used using the machine to machine communication for various applications like transportation management, logistics management in large warehouses using RFID, and Wireless Sensor Networks. These applications have proven to be utilizing technology resources in an optimal manner and pr ovide decreased cost solutions for monitoring and control [5]. Many healthcare institutions and emergency services are widely adopting this technology as these smart devices are capable to communicate within the small environment very easily and in a user-friendly manner. These devices are providing a fast communicating experience at cheaper costs. Thus, many health institutions have adopted these technologies for the patient monitoring system, for quick response emergency team communication, vital health status monitoring system, etc. [4]. Architecture Internet of Things is a combination of four major layers which perform a specific task. These layers are as follows: Perception layer: This layer is used to collect the input data with the help of sensors. It also helps in identifying the associated objects of the environment [1]. Network Layer: This layer is used to transfer the gathered information from the perception layer to other information processing applications or devices via communication networks like the Internet [12]. MiddleWare layer: In this layer actions are performed based on the processing outputs of the provided input data and the instructions stored in the databases. Thus, in this layer, an information processing system linked with databases is used to perform the desired action from the device [12]. Application Layer: This layer identifies various applications based on needs of users and industry standards [12]. The basic elements that make the Internet of Things possible are Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) which is used to identify the object and provide sensors for gathering input data via object identification, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used for creating a sensor network for remote sensing applications; Addressing Schemes are used to represent the uniquely identified objects in the databases; Data Storage and analytics provide capability for storing, and sharing data for monitoring and processing purposes; and Visualization element allows interaction of the user with the environment [10]. Security Issues The major security goal of Internet of Things applications is to ensure that the data is confidential, authentic, and available for communication. Thus, security triad CIA model is employed for providing information security in these applications. The IoT devices are generally wireless based objects and can be located in public places for applications ranging from personal control and monitoring to public utilities control and management. Thus, these applications are prone to security threats. Some of the major security threats in Internet of Things are as follows: Authentication issues: IoT makes use of technologies like RFID, WSN, etc. Due to open wireless signals, it is easy for an attacker to search for a particular ongoing communication, intercept it, monitor it and jam the communication signals [7]. Thus, with weak authentication, the attacker can perform attacks like denial of service attacks, replace the objects, and the data on tags of the RFID easily and create confusion [1]. Once the attacker is able to make a false authentication it is possible for attackers to change the data, duplicate the data, and thus have an effect on integrity and confidentiality of the data [2]. Privacy threats: The IoT based applications have with the large databases containing vital information like patient records and customer records for control and monitoring. The privacy of the data can be attacked using various kinds of attacks like virus-based attacks[5], Trojan Horses, phishing attacks, sniffing attacks, etc. [6]. Spam-based emails and messages can be delivered to the end devices for gaining credentials and then the data can be compromised using the phishing attacks [8]. Sleep Deprivation Attack: In this attack, the sensor nodes of the Wireless sensor networks are not allowed to sleep as per their sleep routines. This impacts their battery consumption and can stop the nodes to work after the discharge of the batteries. This attack can take place by breaching the trust of the communication channel and the network [9]. Countermeasures In order to ensure the Data privacy, it is essential to provide secure authentication mechanism, secure access control mechanism, and secure data confidentiality mechanism. The security measure for authentication based threats is a layered approach where different authentication controls are provided at different levels of the IoT structure. At the perception layer level for authentication, various cryptographic Hash algorithms can be used which can provide digital signatures for identification of the users [11]. These digital signatures can even provide private communication and thus can counter attacks like brute force attacks, collision attacks, etc. For authentication control at the network layer level, a point to point authentication mechanism can be used. This shall prevent the illegal access to the sensor nodes to spread fake information. For Middle layer level and at the application layer level, it is suggested to make use of cooperating services where any user can choose the associated information to be shared with the services. Thus, using a layered authentication mechanism, a strong authentication security can be provided to the IoT applications. Conclusion Internet of Things is a platform for objects and smart devices to communicate via the internet with the world around them. Internet of Things has emerged as one of the promising technologies of future due to its wide domain-based applications. Due to the Internet of Things various public resources are used in an optimized manner, quality services are provided to the users and to have a decreased operational cost of these services. As IoT provides connectivity between various things and makes use of wireless communication medium it is prone to various kinds of security threats that affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data. A layered authentication approach is suggested in this work as a countermeasure to the authentication threats in the Internet of Things applications. In the future, more validation, risk evaluation, and instruction detection methods are needed for securing these kinds of applications. References Singh, G. Tripathi, A.J. Jara, A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future Vision, Architecture, Challenges, and Services, in Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2014 Roman, P. Najera and J. Lopez, "Securing the Internet of Things,", IEEE Computer, vol. 44, pp. 51-58, 2011. Yang, Z. Li, Z. Geng, H. Zhang, A Multilayer Security Model for Internet of Things, in Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2012, Volume 312, pp 388-393 Liu, Y. Zhang, J. Zeng, L. Peng, R. Chen, Research on Dynamical Security Risk Assessment for the Internet of Things inspired by immunology, in Eighth International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC), 2012 Qiang, Guang-ri Quan, Bai Yu and Liu Yang, Research on Security Issues of the Internet of Things, in International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, Volume 6, Number 6, 2013, pp. 1-10 MALEH and A. Ezzati, A Review of security attacks and Intrusion Detection Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks, in International Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks (IJWMN), Volume 5, Number 6, 2013 Zhao, Research on data security technology in the internet of things, in 2013 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics and Control Engineering, ICMCE 2013, Dalian, China, 2013, pp. 17521755. Kothmayr, C. Schmitt, W. Hu, M. Brunig and G. Carle, Dtls based security and two-way authentication for the internet of things, Ad Hoc Netw. 11 (8) (2013) 27102723 Cao, B. Carminati, E. Ferrari and K.L. Tan, CASTLE: continuously anonymizing data streams, IEEE Trans. Dependable Secure Comput. 8 (3) (2011) 337352. [10]. A. Zanella, N. Bui, A. P. Castellani, L. Vangelista, and M. Zorzi, Internet of Things for smart cities, IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 2232, Feb. 2014. [11]. A. Perera, A. Zaslavsky, P. Christen, and D. Georgakopoulos, Context-aware computing for the Internet of Things: a survey, IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, submitted 2013. [12]. Y. Liu, Z. Chen, F. Xia, X. Lv, F. Bu, A trust model based on service classification in mobile services, in: Proceedings 2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Green Computing and Communications, GreenCom 2010, 2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, CPSCom 2010, Hangzhou, China, 2010, pp. 572576